<\/p>\n
Hafta sonu yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7imine hile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle bir grup asker y\u00f6netime el koyduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
2,1 milyon n\u00fcfusuyla uzun y\u0131llar Fransa s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesinde kalan Gabon, 1960’da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00dclke ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 Gabon’da bir\u00e7ok darbe giri\u015fimi ya\u015fand\u0131. \u0130lk darbe giri\u015fimi \u015eubat 1964’te ya\u015fansa da darbeciler, Senegal’den gelen Frans\u0131z askerlerinin m\u00fcdahalesiyle iktidardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Gabon’un ilk devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Leon M’ba’n\u0131n 1967’de hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi sonras\u0131 vekili \u00d6mer Bongo g\u00f6revi devrald\u0131 ve Bongo ailesinin iktidar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Baba Bongo, iktidara geldi\u011finde muhalifleri serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131, “s\u00f6m\u00fcrge miras\u0131” oldu\u011fu ve etnik ayr\u0131m\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckledi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle siyasi partileri kapatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6nemin Libya lideri Muammer Kaddafi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi sonras\u0131 1973’te \u0130slamiyet’i se\u00e7en baba Bongo’nun 1990’daki demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde iktidar\u0131 siyasi koalisyona devretmesine ra\u011fmen ayn\u0131 y\u0131l 2 darbe ya\u015fand\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kan i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sonras\u0131 Frans\u0131z birlikleri yeniden m\u00fcdahale ederek ge\u00e7ici s\u00fckuneti sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bongo, Aral\u0131k 1993’teki devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7imini kazanarak yeniden iktidara geldi.<\/p>\n
1998 ve 2005 se\u00e7imlerini de kazanan baba Bongo’nun 2009’da \u0130spanya’da kalp krizi sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesiyle ge\u00e7ici devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revi, d\u00f6nemin Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Rose Francine Rogombe’ye ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
2009’da yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imleri \u00d6mer Bongo’nun o\u011flu Ali Bongo kazand\u0131 ve Gabon’un yeni devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Ali Bongo 2016’daki se\u00e7imlerde de 7 y\u0131ll\u0131k ikinci bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in yeniden se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
Mevcut Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ali Bongo, 26 A\u011fustos’ta yap\u0131lan cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7imlerini \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez kazanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00fclkede oy verme i\u015fleminin son saatlerinde “\u015fiddet” uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 ve se\u00e7imlerin ard\u0131ndan oy say\u0131m i\u015flemi devam ederken internetin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 ele\u015ftirilere neden oldu.<\/p>\n
Muhalifler ise h\u00fck\u00fcmetin uygulamalar\u0131na tepki g\u00f6sterdi ve muhalefet lideri Ondo Ossa, Bongo’ya kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinde se\u00e7imlere hile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u200b.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fanan olaylar sonras\u0131 \u00fclkedeki bir grup asker y\u00f6netime el koyarak se\u00e7imlerin iptal edildi\u011fini ve \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n
Petrol ve do\u011fal gaz kaynaklar\u0131yla zengin bir \u00fclke olan Gabon elmas, uranyum, alt\u0131n, kereste ve demir a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da zengin bir \u00fclke olarak biliniyor.<\/p>\n
Gabon, Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika’n\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol \u00fcreticisi olup, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na gelirle Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika’n\u0131n en zengin \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Petrol \u0130hra\u00e7 Eden \u00dclkeler \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (OPEC) \u00fcyesi olan Gabon’un 2 milyar varil ham petrol, yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 milyar metrek\u00fcp do\u011fal gaz rezervine sahip oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan Gabon, su kaynaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc en b\u00fcy\u00fck yenilenebilir su rezervlerine sahip.<\/p>\n
Yer alt\u0131 ve yer \u00fcst\u00fc zenginli\u011fine ra\u011fmen \u00fclkedeki do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 yabanc\u0131 firmalar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiliz-Frans\u0131z petrol ve gaz \u015firketi Perenco, \u0130ngiliz-Hollanda ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok uluslu bir petrol ve do\u011fal gaz \u015firketi Shell, Fransa merkezli \u00e7ok uluslu petrol \u015firketi Total \u00fclkedeki petrol \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 75’ini kontrol ediyor. 2011’de kurulan Gabon Petrol \u015eirketi, \u00fclkedeki kara ve denizlerdeki petrollerin yasal sahibi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Gabon’un ihracat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada mineral yak\u0131tlar ve ya\u011flar var. \u00dclkenin ihracat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada \u00c7in bulunurken ithalat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Fransa ve \u00c7in geliyor.<\/p>\n
OPEC haricinde bir\u00e7ok uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015fta temsil edilen Gabon’un \u00fcye oldu\u011fu yerler aras\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM), Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB), Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu (IMF), \u0130ngiliz Milletler Toplulu\u011fu, \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (\u0130\u0130T), Orta Afrika \u00dclkeleri Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu ve Frans\u0131zca Konu\u015fan \u00dclkeler \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
Uzun y\u0131llar Gabon’u y\u00f6neten Bongo ailesinin Fransa ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri dikkati \u00e7ekiyor. Fransa, Gabon’daki siyasi krizlere bir\u00e7ok kez askeri m\u00fcdahalede bulundu.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan Ali Bongo’nun e\u015fi Sylvia Valentin Bongo’nun Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n
Ali Bongo ile 1989’da evlenen Sylvia Bongo, \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan itibaren Kamerun, Tunus ve Gabon’da ya\u015fad\u0131. Sylvia Bongo, Fransa’da y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenimini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonras\u0131 Gabon’a d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Fransa Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Elisabeth Borne, darbe soras\u0131 Gabon’daki durumu yak\u0131ndan takip ettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klarken uzun y\u0131llar Fransa etkisinde kalan \u00fclkede, Fransa ve ABD’nin askeri \u00fcsleri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
Darbe sonras\u0131 Gabon’da faaliyet g\u00f6steren Frans\u0131z madencilik \u015firketi Eramet de bu \u00fclkedeki faaliyetlerini durdurdu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n